Many first-time home buyers struggle to afford the 3% to 20% down payment on median-priced homes over $415,000. Down payment assistance (DPA) programs offer cash grants, forgivable loans, or low-interest loans to help. Most programs are state-level, requiring buyers to meet criteria like residency, income limits, and owner occupancy. Assistance often comes as forgivable grants or 0% interest loans with occupancy requirements. Buyers should explore local programs and consult lenders early.